Network Cable Color Coding

Crossover Ethernet Cable

Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

Some full forms about computer related

ALU – Arithmetic logic unit

ACPI: Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

AC: Alternating Current

AM: Amplitude Modulated

AMD: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.

AMD: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.

AMI: American Megatrends Inc.

ANSI: American National Standards Institute

APIC: Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller

APM: Advanced Power Management

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit

ASPI: Advanced SCSI Programming Interface

AT: Advanced Technology

ATA: AT Bus Attachment

ATAPI: ATA Packet Interface

ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

BBS: Bulletin Board System

BCC: Block Check Character

BSC: Binary Synchronous Communications

BSD: Berkeley Standard Distribution

BTU: British Thermal Units

BCD: Binary Coded Decimal

BIOS: Basic Input / Output System

BNC: Bayonet Nut Connector

BPS/bps: Bytes/bits Per Second

CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing

CAD: Computer Aided Design

CAS: Column Address Strobe

CPU – Central Processing Unit

CPI: Clocks Per Instruction

CR: Carriage Return

CUI – Composite User Interface

CRT – Cathode Ray Tube

CRC: Cyclical Redundancy Check

CD: Carrier Detect & Compact Disc

CD-R – Compact Disc-Recordable

CD-RW – Compact Disc-ReWritable

CD-ROM – Compact disc read-only memory

CGA: Color Graphics Adapter

CHS: Cylinder Head Sector

COMPUTER – Common Oriented Machine Particularly Used for Trade Education and Research

CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

CSR: Command Status Register

CTS: Clear To Send

DVI – Digital Visual Interface

DVD – Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc

DAT: Digital Audio Tape

DC: Direct Current

DCD: Data Carrier Detect

DCE: Data Circuit-terminating Equipment

DD: Double Density

DEC: Digital Equipment Corporation

DIP: Dual-In-line Package

DMA: Direct Memory Access

DMI: Desktop Management Interface

DOS: Disk Operating System

DPE: Data Parity Error

DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory

DS: Double Sided

DSP: Digital Signal Processor

DSR: Data Set Ready

DTC: Data Terminal Controller

DTE: Data Terminating Equipment

DTR: Data Terminal Ready

EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

EC: Error Check

ECC: Error Check and Correction

ECP: Enhanced Communication Port

ECU: EISA Configuration Utility

EDO: Extended Data Out RAM

EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

EGA: Enhanced Graphics Adapter

EIA: Electronic Industries Association

EIDE: Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics

EISA: Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture

EMI: Electro-Magnetic Interference

EMF: Electro-Magnetic Force

EMS: Expanded Memory Specification

EOF: End Of File

EOL: End Of Line

EPP: Enhanced Parallel Port

EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

ESCD: Extended System Configuration Data

ESD: Electro-Static Discharge

ESDI: Enhanced Small Devices Interface

FTP – File Transfer Protocol

FAT: File Allocation Table

FCC: Federal Communications Commission

FDD: Fixed/Floppy Disk Drive

FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface

FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing

FDX: Full-Duplex Transmission

FE: Front End

FEP: Front End Processor

FF: Form Feed

FIFO: First-In First-Out

FILO: First-In Last-Out

FM: Frequency Modulation

FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array

FPM: Fast Page Mode RAM

FPU: Floating Point Unit

FRC: Functional Redundancy Checking

FRU: Field-Replaceable Unit

FSF: Free Software Foundation

FSK: Frequency Shifty Keying

GUI – Graphical user interface

GAS: Gallium Arsenide

GFLOPS: Billions of Floating Point Operations Per Second

HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language

HD: High Density / Hard Disk

HDD: Hard Disk Drive

HDX: Half-Duplex Transmission

HFS: Hierarchical File System

HPFS: High Performance File System

IBM – International Business Machines, Indian Bureau of Mines

I/O: Input/Output

IC: Integrated Circuit

IDE: Integrated Device Electronics

IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IMP: Interface Message Processor

IPC: Inter Process Communication

IPX: Inter network Packet eXchange

IRQ: Interrupt ReQuest

ISA: Industry Standard Architecture

ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO: International Standards Organization

JFS: Journalized File System

KNI: Katmai New Instructions

KVA: KiloVolt-Amps

LBA: Linear Block Array / Addressing

LCD – Liquid crystal display

LAN – Local area network

LOGO – Language of Graphic-Oriented

LED: Light Emitting Diode

LF: Line Feed

LIM: Lotus/Intel/Microsoft’s Expanded Memory Manager

LRU: Least-Recently Used

LSB/lsb: Least Significant Byte/bit

LSI: Large Scale Integration

LUN: Logical Unit Number

LASER – Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

MAN – Metropolitan area network

MIPS – Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages

MSo – Micro Soft Office, Multi system operator

MB/Mb: Mega Bytes/bits

MBR: Master Boot Record

MCA: Micro Channel Architecture

MCGA: Multi-Color Graphics Array

MCM: Multi-Chip Module

MDRAM: Multi-bank RAM

MFLOPS: Millions of FLOating Point Operations per Second

MFM: Modified Frequency Modulated

MHz: MegaHertz

MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

MIDI: Musical Instrument Data Interface

MIMD: Multiple-Instruction Multiple-Data

MISD: Multiple-Instruction Single Data

MMX: Multi-Media Extensions

MNP: Microcom Network Protocol

MODEM: MOdulator / DEModulator

MOPS: Millions of Operations Per Second

MOS: Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

MP: Multi-Processor

MPP: Massively Parallel Processor

MPS: Multi-Processor System

MSB/msb: Most Significant Byte/bit

MSDOS: Microsoft’s Disk Operating System

SI: Medium Scale Integration

MTBF: Mean Time Between Failure

N/C: No-Connect

NBS: National Bureau of Standards

NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NFS: Network File System

NFU: Not-Frequently Used

NMI: Non-Maskable Interrupt

NMOS: Negatively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

NOP: No OPeration NRU Not-Recently Used

NSF: National Science Foundation

NVRAM: NonVolatile Random Access Memory

OCR: Optical Character Recognition

ODI: Open Data link Interface

OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer

OS: Operating System

OSF: Open Software Foundation

OSI: Open Systems Interconnect

PAL/PLA: Programmable Array Logic / Logic Array

PB: Push Button

PBX: Private Branch eXtender

PC: Personal Computer, Program Counter

PCB: Printed Circuit Board

PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCM: Pulse Code Modulation

PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

PE: Processor Element

PFF: Page Fault Frequency

PGA: Professional Graphics Array

PGA: Pin Grid Array

PIC: Programmable Interrupt Controller

PIO: Programmed Input / Output

PIROM: Processor Information ROM

PLCC: Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier

PLL: Phase Locked Loop

PM: Preventive Maintenance

PMOS: Positively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

PnP: Plug-and-Play

POST: Power On Self Test

PPP: Point-to-Point Protocol

PQFP: Plastic Quad Flat Pack

PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory

PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network

PTE: Page Table Entry

QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QFP: Quad Flat Pack

QIC: Quarter Inch Cartridge

RAM – Random-access memory

RAID: Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks

RAMDAC: Random Access Memory Digital to Analogue Converter

RAS: Row Address Strobe

RCA: Radio Corporation of America

RCC: Routing Control Center

RDRAM: Rambus DRAM

RFC: Request For Comments

RFI: Radio Frequency Interference

RI: Ring Indicator

RISC: Reduced Instruction-Set Computer

RLL: Run Length Limited

RMS: Root Mean Squared

RMW: Read Modify Write

ROM: Read Only Memory

RPC: Remote Procedure Call

RPM: Rotations Per Minute

RTC: Real Time Clock

RTS: Request To Send

SAM: Sequential Access Memory

SASI: Shugart Associates Standard Interface

SCSI: Small Computer Systems Interface

SD: Single Density

SDLC: Synchronous Data Link Control

SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic RAM

SDRAM DDR: Double Data Rate SDRAM

SDRAM BDDR: Bi-Directional Strobed DDR SDRAM

SE: Systems Engineer

SEC: Single Edge Contact

SFF: Small Form Factor

SGRAM: Synchronous Graphics RAM

SMS – Short Message Service

SIMD: Single-Instruction Multiple-Data

SIMM: Single Inline Memory Module

SIPP: Single Inline Pinned Package

SISD: Single-Instruction Single-Dat

SLIP: Serial Line Internet Protocol

SMD: Surface Mount Device

SMT: Surface Mount Technology

SNA: System Network Architecture

SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio

SO/SOL: Small Out Line

SOIC: Small Outline Integrated Circuit

SPOOL: Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line

SPT: Sectors Per Track

SPU: Single Processor Unit

SRAM: Static Random Access Memory

SS: Single Sided

STDM: Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing

STN: Super Twisted Nematic

STU: Streaming Tape Unit

SVGA: Super Video Graphics Array

TCM: Trellis Code Modulation

TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

TI: Texas Instruments

TIA: Telecomm Industry Association

TLB: Translation-Look aside Buffer

TPI: Tracks Per Inch

TRANSISTOR: TRANSformer resISTOR

TSR: Terminate and Stay Resident

TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic

UAE: Unrecoverable Application Error

UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

UDP: User Datagram Protocol

UMB: Upper Memory Block

UNIX: A trademark used for a computer disk operating system

UPS – Uninterruptible power supply

USL: UNIX System Labs

UUCP: UNIX to UNIX Copy Program

VIRUS – Vital Information Resources Under Seize

VDU – Visual Display Unit

VBE: Video BIOS Extensions

VCR: Video Cassette RecorderVESA: Video Enhanced Standards Association

VGA: Video Graphics Array

VLB: VESA Local Bus

VLIW: Very Long Instruction Word

VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration

VM: Virtual Memory

VME: Versa Module Euro-card

VRAM: Video Random Access Memory

VRT: Voltage Reduction Technology

VTR: Video Tape Recorder

WAN – Wide area network

WATS: Wide Area Telephone Service

WD: Western Digital

WORM: Write Once – Read-Many

WRAM: Window Random Access Memory

WS: Wait State

WWW – World Wide Web

XGA: eXtended Graphics Array

XMS: Extended Memory Specification

XOR: Exclusive-OR

XT: eXtended Technology

ZIF: Zero Insertion Force

FTP (file transfer protocol)

In -->Start

--> Control panel

---> Add or remove prg

click --> Add or remove windows components

Click ---> Application server

un tick ---> application server

click ---> Details

click ---> internet information service (dont tick)

----> then Click detail

Click---->file transfer protocal ( tick)

----> click ok

----->Put the os cd

Click ----> Finish

In -->Start

--> Administrative tools

---> Internet information service

Click ----> FTP sites

Right click on default & click---> stop

Right click & click ---> new

---> FTP sites

Click -----> Next

Give name for your ftp site

click ---> do no isolate user

---> Next

Click ----> browse (to select the folder to share on ftp)

Give permission for ftp folder

click ---> next

Click ---> Finish

now new ftp name would be display on ftp sites

to access ftp

on address bar type ftp//ip of ftp mechine

DHCP On Windows Server 2003

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

--> used to configure client TCP IP conf

How to create DHCP

--> Control panel

-->add or remove prg

--> add or remove windows components

--> network services

--> Details --> DHCP --> ok --> next --> Finish

Authorization DHCP

--> In administration tools

-->DHCP --> the red colour will appear before authorize

-->Right click on server name (ex jestel.com)

--> right Click Authorize

-->then right click and refresh

-->now red colour become green

To create scope

--> Right click on server name and click ( new scope)

--> click next

-->Type scope name

-->Click next

--> type the ip range ( ie: from starting ip to ending ip)

-->click next

-->add exclusion ( it means in the given ip which particular ips are not set to clients)

-->click next

-->next

-->next

--> type domain name & ip address

-->next

--> Finish

It becomes like the following picture

Now on client machine

--> in tcp ip properties

--> click obtain ip address automatically

--> in run à cmd

-->type ipconfig /release

--> again type ipconfig /renew

--> now system will gets ip automatically

To reserve particular ip for particular machine

--> in DHCP

--> click reservation

--> type the mac address of the particular client machines and set ip

some linux commands in alphabetic order

A
alias - create names or abbreviations for commands
apropos - search the manual page names and descriptions
at [man page] - queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution

B
bc [man page] - An arbitrary precision calculator language

C
cal - displays a calendar
cat [man page] - concatenate files and print on the standard output
cd - change directory
chgrp [man page] - change group ownership
chmod [man page] - change file access permissions
cksum [man page] - checksum and count the bytes in a file
cp [man page] - copy files and directories
csplit [man page] - split a file into sections determined by context lines

D
date [man page] - print or set the system date and time
dd [man page] - convert and copy a file
du [man page] - estimate file space usage

E
egrep [man page] - print lines matching a pattern
export - set an environment variable

F
fgrep [man page] - print lines matching a pattern
find [man page] - search for files in a directory hierarchy
fold [man page] - wrap each input line to fit in specified width

G
grep [man page] - print lines matching a pattern

H
head [man page] - output the first part of files

I

J
join [man page] - join lines of two files on a common field

K

L
logrotate [man page] - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
ls [man page] - list directory contents

M
mkdir [man page] - make directories
mv [man page] - move (rename) files
mount [man page] - mount a file system

N
nl [man page] - number lines of files

O
od [man page] - dump files in octal and other formats

P
pwd [man page] - print name of current/working directory

Q

R
rgrep [man page] - print lines matching a pattern
rm [man page] - remove files or directories

S
scp - secure copy (remote file copy program)
ssh - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

T
tail [man page] - output the last part of files
tar [man page] - The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
tee [man page] - read from standard input and write to standard output and files
time [man page] - run programs and summarize system resource usage
touch [man page] - change file timestamps

V
vim - Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor

W
watch [man page] - execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen
wc [man page] - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file
whoami [man page] - print effective userid

X

Y
yes [man page] - output a string repeatedly until killed

Z

How to Hide Manage My Computer

Go to Start -> Run -> Type: Regedit and hit OK
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER / Software / Microsoft / Windows / CurrentVersion / Policies / Explorer
Right click on the right hand side and Create a DWORD value called NoManageMyComputerVerb
Set the value to 1 and close the registry editor
Now Reboot your computer

Some Run Commands In Alphabetic Order

A
Accessibility Controls access.cpl
Accessibility Options control access.cpl
Add Hardware Wizard hdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs appwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs (Add New Programs) control appwiz.cpl,,1
Add/Remove Programs (Add Remove Windows Components) control appwiz.cpl,,2
Add/Remove Programs (Set Program Access & Defaults ) control appwiz.cpl,,3Automatic Updates wuaucpl.cpl

B

Backup Status and Utility (Vista/Win7) sdclt 

Bluetooth Transfer Wizard fsquirt

C
Calculator calc
Certificate Manager certmgr.msc
Character Map charmap
Check Disk Utility (XP) chkdsk
Clipboard Viewer clipbrd
Color Management colorcpl
Command Prompt cmd
Component Services dcomcnfg
Computer Management (XP) compmgmt.msc
Computer Management (Vista/Win7) CompMgmtLauncher
Control Panel control
Credential (passwords) Backup and Restore Wizard (Vista/Win7) credwiz

D
Date and Time Properties timedate.cpl
Device Manager devmgmt.msc
Direct X Control Panel* directx.cpl
Direct X Troubleshooter dxdiag
Disk Cleanup Utility cleanmgr
Disk Defragmenter (XP) dfrg.msc
Disk Defragmenter (Vista) dfrgui
Disk Defragmenter defrag
Disk Management diskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Manager diskpart
Display Properties desk.cpl
Display Properties (Appearance) control color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility drwtsn32
Driver Package Installer (Vista/Win7) dpinst
DVD Player dvdplay

E
Event Viewer eventvwr.msc

F

File Signature Verification Tool sigverif
Files and Settings Transfer Tool migwiz
Findfast findfast.cpl
Firewall Control Panel (Vista/Win7) FirewallControlPanel
Firewall Settings (Vista/Win7) FirewallSettings

G
Game Controllers joy.cpl
Group Policy Editor (XP Prof) gpedit.msc

I

IExpress - Turn a cmd/vbs script into an installer .exe file C:\Windows\System32\iexpress.exe (example)
Indexing Service ciadv.msc
Internet Properties inetcpl.cpl
IP Configuration ipconfig
iSCSI Initiator (Vista/Win7) iscsicpl

K

Keyboard Properties control keyboard

L

Language Pack Installer (Vista/Win7) lpksetup
Local Security Policy secpol.msc
Local Users and Groups (XP) lusrmgr.msc
Log out logoff

M

Microsoft Access* msaccess
Microsoft Excel* excel
Microsoft Malicious Software Removal Tool mrt
Microsoft Paint mspaint
Microsoft Powerpoint* powerpnt
Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool (Vista/Win7) msdt
Microsoft Word* winword
Mouse Properties control mouse
Mouse Properties main.cpl
MSN Messenger* msnmsgr

N

Network Connections control netconnections
Network Connections ncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizard netsetup.cpl
Notepad notepad

O

ODBC Data Source Administrator odbccp32.cpl
On Screen Keyboard osk

P

Paint pbrush
Password Properties password.cpl
Performance Monitor perfmon.msc
Phone and Modem Options telephon.cpl
Phone Dialer dialer
Power Configuration powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxes control printers
Printers Folder printers
Private Character Editor eudcedit

Q

Quicktime* QuickTime.cpl
Quicktime Player* quicktimeplayer

R

Regional Settings intl.cpl
Registry Editor regedit
Registry Editor regedit32
Reliability and Performance Monitor perfmon.msc
Remote Assistance(Vista/Win7) msra
Remote Desktop mstsc
Removable Storage ntmsmgr.msc
Removable Storage Operator Requests ntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) rsop.msc

S

Scanners and Cameras sticpl.cpl
Scheduled Tasks control schedtasks
Security Center wscui.cpl
Services services.msc
Shared Creation Wizard shrpubw
Shared Folders fsmgmt.msc
Shut Down Windows shutdown
Software Licensing/Activation (Vista/Win7) slui
Sounds and Audio mmsys.cpl
Sound Recorder (Vista/Win7) soundrecorder
Sound Volume (Vista/Win7) sndvol
SQL Client Configuration cliconfg
Sync Center mobsync
Syncronization Tool mobsync
System Configuration Editor sysedit
System Configuration Utility msconfig
System File Checker Utility (Scan/Purge) sfc
System Information msinfo32
System Properties sysdm.cpl
System Properties (Vista/Win7) SystemPropertiesAdvanced, SystemPropertiesComputerName,
SystemPropertiesDataExecutionPrevention,SystemPropertiesHardware,
SystemPropertiesPerformance,SystemPropertiesProtection, SystemPropertiesRemote

T

Task Manager taskmgr
Telnet Client telnet
Trusted Platform Module Initialization Wizard (Vista/Win7) TpmInit
Tweak UI* tweakui

U

User Account Management nusrmgr.cpl
User Accounts (Autologon) control userpasswords2
Utility Manager utilman

W

Windows Error Reports wercon
Windows Features (Vista/Win7) optionalfeatures
Windows Firewall firewall.cpl
Windows Firewall with Advanced Security (Vista/Win7) wf.msc
Windows Image Acquisition (scanner)(Vista/Win7) wiaacmgr
Windows Magnifier magnify
Windows Management Infrastructure wmimgmt.msc
Windows Mobility Center (Mobile PCs only)(Vista/Win7) mblctr
Windows Security Center wscui.cpl
Windows System Security Tool syskey
Windows Update wupdmgr
Windows Update (Vista/Win7) wuapp
Windows Update Standalone Installer(Vista/Win7) wusa
Windows XP Tour Wizard tourstart
Windows Version (About Windows) winver
Wordpad write